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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medicines are a great option to treat anxiety-related symptoms. Psychologists are trained in the use and prescription of medication. They can prescribe the correct medication to reduce the risk of side effects. Treatment for anxiety disorders is typically three-pronged: psychotherapy, medication and exercise. SSRIs are the first-choice medications to treat anxiety, however they can take several weeks for them to be effective. SSRIs Most anxiety disorders can be treated with SSRIs. The newer SSRIs are less likely to trigger adverse effects than older tricyclics and monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs) or tricyclic antidepressants. There are a variety of SSRIs have been approved by the FDA to treat anxiety disorders that are generalized. These include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline, (aka Zoloft), as and citalopram (aka Celexa). These medicines can boost serotonin in the brain and could also help increase norepinephrine, or BDNF. They are able to be employed in combination with psychotherapy or on their own. SSRIs can have negative effects, such as nausea and digestive issues however, they tend to improve as the body gets used to the medication. The precise mechanism behind how SSRIs are effective in treating anxiety isn't fully understood. However, it is believed that they hinder the reuptake process of serotonin by the post-synaptic nerve and increase the amount of serotonin in the synaptic gap. This increases the amount of signaling that occurs across the synapse, and in turn decreases anxiety symptoms. SSRIs can decrease anxiety and increase the frequency of panic attacks. They also aid in the treatment of depression and other mental health conditions that often co-occur with anxiety disorders. They can be incorporated into psychotherapy or cognitive behavior therapy to enhance their effectiveness. In contrast to other classes of antidepressants, SSRIs do not appear to be addictive. However, it is crucial to follow your doctor's instructions precisely. If you stop taking your medication suddenly it could trigger “discontinuation syndrome” and a return of anxiety symptoms. If SSRIs don't work for you, your doctor may try another class of antidepressants such as nefazodone, mirtazapine. These drugs may also be effective, however they are more prone to the risk of adverse side effects than the more recent SSRIs. SSRIs may interact with certain foods, such as dairy products and eggs, red meat, as well as some fruits and vegetables. It is recommended to stay clear of these foods if you're taking these medications. It is also advised to avoid drinking alcohol when you are taking SSRIs because it can cause a number of side effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines enhance the calming effects of certain chemicals found in the brain and nervous system. They function by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter named gamma-aminobutyric acids (GABA) which inhibits the activity of nerves. These drugs are effective in treating insomnia, anxiety and various mental disorders. However they can also be addictive and should only be used for short durations of time under medical supervision. Benzos are dangerous when taken for recreational purposes, or mixed with alcohol or other substances. The use of medication is often the first thing people turn to when they have an anxiety disorder however they're not the only option for treatment. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, has been shown to help reduce anxiety symptoms. There are a variety of psychotherapies, but cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most popular and efficient. This type of therapy teaches you to change your thinking and behavior in order to are less stressed. The most common benzodiazepines are alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), diazepam (Valium) Clorazepate (Tranxene), Lorazepam (Ativan) and quazepam (Dalmane). Each has a unique list of side effects however, they all share similar properties in pharmacology. Clorazepate, for example is more effective at treating seizures compared to other benzodiazepines. Lorazepam on the other hand, is better in treating anxiety disorders when than the quazepam. While benzodiazepines are efficient, they aren't recommended for long-term use as they can cause physical dependence and tolerance. They can also trigger withdrawal symptoms, like a heart pounding as well as sweating and shaking if you abruptly stop taking the medication. The symptoms can be extremely uncomfortable and last for weeks however, they can be slowed down by slowly reducing the medication. Benzodiazepines can be very addictive and should be used only for a short period of time – usually no more than 4 weeks. During this period, you'll be required to monitor your heart rate and blood pressure so that you don't have a severe withdrawal reaction. Speak to your doctor in the event that you are thinking of taking using a benzoodiazepine. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are employed to treat anxiety-related issues. They block adrenaline from binding to beta receptors in your nervous system, preventing the hormone from triggering physical responses like heart palpitations and tremors. These drugs are usually used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular conditions however they can be prescribed for non-pharmacological use for anxiety-related disorders. When you feel anxious your body releases a chemical called Adrenaline. This chemical signals the body to prepare itself for fight or flight. generalized anxiety disorder binds beta receptors in the heart and brain and causes your heart to beat more quickly and causing other physical reactions. Beta-blockers, which are the name of a class of medication that is used to treat hypertension and other heart conditions they work by preventing the action of adrenaline on its binding, which helps to reduce the heart rate and blood pressure. Beta-blockers work quickly, unlike SSRIs or benzodiazepines, which take weeks or even months to show a difference in symptoms. They are an excellent choice for those who require immediate relief from anxiety-related symptoms. For instance, those who have to give a public speech or fly in a plane. They can also be a great alternative for people suffering from anxiety and chronic heart conditions, such as atherosclerosis or congestive heart failure. Beta-blockers can reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety but they don't address the underlying causes. Therefore, they are usually prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment program that includes counseling and lifestyle modifications. However, they are a useful option for people who have tried other anti-anxiety drugs and do not find them to be effective or have intolerable side effects. There are many different kinds of beta-blockers such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will decide which beta-blocker is best for you according to your medical background and current health status. The use of these medicines can cause adverse effects, like fatigue or low blood pressure It is therefore important to discuss your treatment options with your doctor. MAOIs The first MAOIs were developed in the 1950s. monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective antidepressants for some depression and anxiety disorders. They aren't as frequently employed as SSRIs and other antidepressants due the strict dietary restrictions required as well as the risk of interactions with other drugs. Some MAOIs come in tablet form and can be taken orally, whereas others (such Emsam) are applied as a transdermal skin patch. MAOIs block the action of MAO and increase the amount of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a part in sleep, mood and appetite, as also in sexual function. MAOIs also have effects on anxiety. However they are more likely to trigger side effects than TCAs and SSRIs and carry warnings on suicide in a box. In addition to the MAOIs mentioned below, your doctor may prescribe additional treatments or medications to help you manage your symptoms. Beta-blockers, such as propranolol, is often prescribed to alleviate the physical symptoms that are associated with anxiety. Your doctor may also suggest an exercise routine or other treatments at home to ease your symptoms. Iproniazid was the first MAOI discovered in 1952 while conducting research on tuberculosis. It was quickly discovered that it could possess mood-enhancing properties and is considered to be the first antidepressant medication. Typically, MAOIs can only be used when other antidepressants don't perform, as they could cause serious adverse effects that require immediate medical attention. If you take an MAOI and eat foods that contain tyramine, a substance in many cheeses, red meats, shellfish, fish, and some dietary supplements, it can cause an adverse reaction that can result in high blood pressure. This severe reaction could cause a throbbing head pain, nausea, vomiting and a rapid heartbeat. MAOIs may also interact with other medications and cause serious side effects, like suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Before prescribing MAOIs to you, your doctor will discuss with you what foods you need to avoid. They will advise you to avoid eating foods that contain tyramine if you are taking the medication. The doctor will also provide a list of foods that are safe to consume when taking MAOIs. The food guide provided can help you avoid MAOI-related side effects.